| With so many crosscurrents battering the stock market, it can be difficult to determine which direction it may go next. For that reason, attempting to trade a broad market index such as the SPDR S&P 500 ETF (SPY) is little more than a guessing game. However, there are discernible trends within the index that can give traders an edge. One way to do that is to compare the short-term direction of each sector within the index to its long-term performance. The table below shows the year-to-date (YTD) performance of each index sector (through September 24) and its relative performance (RP) to the SPY in the far right column. 
As you might expect, the Technology Select SPDR Fund (XLK) delivered the best sector performance since the start of the year. Perhaps more surprisingly, the Real Estate Select SPDR Fund (XLRE) was the second best performing sector. The worst performers were the Health Care Select SPDR Fund (XLV) and the Energy Select Sector SPDR Fund (XLE). In relative terms, both of these sectors delivered less than half the return of the overall index. Next, let's look at how this same group of funds has performed over the past 30 days. 
As you can see, a very different picture emerges. By far, the best performing sector groups were energy and the Financial Select Sector SPDR Fund (XLF). The worst performing sector was technology, followed closely by the Consumer Staples Select Sector SPDR (XLP) and real estate. Reversion to the Mean Finally, let's compare the recent return of each sector to its long-term performance as shown in the table below. In essence, what we are seeing in this graphic is the potential for "reversion to the mean." Over time, individual stocks tend to return to their long-term averages. The same principle holds true for sector funds. In fact, sector funds are a safer way to bet on reversion to the mean since individual stocks are subject to specific risk factors. Those factors may delay or prevent them from returning to their long-term averages, defeating trading opportunities based on reversion to the mean. However, rarely is an entire sector affected by an exogenous factor to the extent that the entire group does not revert to its long-term average value. The energy sector is most vulnerable to a long-term deviation from its mean. That's due to the outsized impact the price of oil has on the economic underpinnings of the entire industry. But other than that, most sectors usually resume their place in the pecking order fairly quickly. For that reason, there are short-term trading opportunities that can be exploited when a sector gets too far from its long-term average. | 
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