| For most investors, the opening bell on IPO day feels like the starting gun. The headlines flash across CNBC. The stock surges 20%, 40%, sometimes 100% in the first few hours. Commentators call it "the biggest listing in history." Retail investors scramble to buy shares before the price runs even higher. But here's the truth I've learned over 45 years in this business… By the time the opening bell rings, "the easy money has already been made," as they say (see p. 50, "The Maxims of Wall Street"). The greatest fortunes in modern market history weren't built after companies went public. They were built before. Amazon. Google. Tesla. Nvidia. In each case, the most explosive gains went to those who positioned themselves early - long before Wall Street analysts initiated coverage and cable news hosts began breathlessly discussing valuations. That's not hype. That's history. Why Pre-IPO Matters When a company is still private, it operates outside the glare of daily market volatility. There are no quarterly earnings calls dissected in real time. No algorithmic trading bots pushing prices around. No retail stampede driven by headlines. Instead, capital flows quietly. Venture investors accumulate shares. Strategic partners build positions. Insiders deepen their stakes. And if the business succeeds, the value creation during those private years can be extraordinary. Studies have shown that most of the long-term value in high-growth companies is often created before the IPO ever happens. By the time public investors are invited to participate, early stakeholders have already seen exponential gains. That doesn't mean every private company succeeds. Far from it. Risk is real. But it does mean that the pre-IPO phase is where asymmetry lives - where small, well-placed capital can compound dramatically if the thesis plays out. My Experience in the Pre-IPO Arena Over the decades, I've had the privilege of seeing this pattern unfold firsthand. Early in my career, I invested $50,000 in a private company that later went public and ultimately returned more than $1.3 million. In another pre-IPO opportunity, my wife and I invested modest sums that grew into nearly seven figures over time. These were not accidents. They were the result of careful research, disciplined risk management, and a bit of luck. But most importantly access. Access is everything in private investing. For years, pre-IPO opportunities were the exclusive playground of venture capital firms and ultra-wealthy insiders. If you weren't an accredited investor with deep connections in Silicon Valley or Wall Street, you simply weren't invited. That landscape is beginning to shift. Today, there are regulated vehicles that allow everyday investors to gain indirect exposure to private companies. Business development companies, venture-style funds, and certain publicly traded investment firms provide pathways that didn't exist 20 years ago. It's not the same as writing a check directly to a startup founder. But it can offer participation in the growth of private enterprises before they ever list on an exchange. | 
