Why is Cuba in this crisis?
 | Source: World Finance |
| Earlier this year, Trump put an oil embargo on Cuba. It is part of a strategy to increase pressure on the government and force political change. An executive order said Cuba was a national security concern. What led to this measure? | History: The Cuban Revolution | The Cuban Revolution was a political and social movement. It took place in the 50's. It was led by Fidel Castro, along with key figures like Che Guevara and Raul Castro. The revolution aimed to overthrow the Batista government. The latter was seen as corrupt and authoritarian. It was also perceived as too close to U.S. interests. Castro's rebels used guerilla warfare and gained support within the population. Batista's regime lost support and fled Cuba. Castro took power in 1959. He began transforming Cuba into a socialist state. He nationalized industries and aimed to reduce U.S. influence. Cuba got closer to the USSR. It helped trigger Cold War tensions like the Cuban Missile Crisis. The isle benefited from USSR's financial support until its collapse. | The USSR collapsed, but the U.S. embargo remained. Cuba suffered a deep economic crisis called the "Special Period". The country faced shortages of food, fuel, and basic goods. Many Cubans left because of that and their opposition to the regime. After the loss of USSR's support and because of the "Special Period", Cuba looked for new partners. Venezuela became one of the most important. In exchange for Cuban doctors and technical support, Venezuela sent oil. This helped Cuba reduce its energy issues. Cuba used to benefit from 27 thousand barrels per day, which are now cut off due to the U.S. blockade. Adding to the already existing difficult situation, Cuba is now facing a huge crisis. | | | Claim Your Starlink
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| U.S. – Cuba relations | Since the Cuban Revolution, relations between Cuba and the U.S. have been tense and tough. The U.S. have tried to overthrow Cuba's regime. But these attempts failed, like the Bay of Pigs invasion in the 60's. The U.S. also imposed a trade embargo, still in place. The goal was to weaken the communist government and push political change. The embargo limits trade, investment, and financial exchanges. This is one of the longest sanctioned regimes in history. Relations warmed a little during Carter's and Obama's time in office. But tensions quickly increased again. | Reasons for the blockade | The main reasons given are national security and geopolitical alignment. The U.S. accused Cuba of working with rivals like Russia and China. Cuba is also accused of human rights violation. | Another key objective is political pressure on the regime. The goal is to weaken the government and push regime change or key reforms. The U.S. suggested sanctions could be lifted if Cuba made concessions. Some proposals were made by Cuba, like allowing the diaspora to invest in Cuba or prisoners release. But these measures are insufficient for the U.S. | Why target the energy sector? Energy is a key vulnerability for Cuba. The isle depends a lot on imported fuel to run electricity grid, transport, and industry. | Social and economic situation | The Cuban economy is at its worst since the "Special Period". Tourism had already shrunk after Covid. Now there is an energy crisis. Fuel shortages often cause blackouts and power grid failures. Transport, agriculture, hospitals and water systems are also impacted. The economic crisis has worsened. Industrial production slowed and inflation increased. Cuba had to reduce working hours and limit public transport to save fuel. | Shortages of food, water supplies and basic goods have become more common. Healthcare services are under pressure. Surgeries are limited to the most urgent cases. There are shortages of medicines. This creates a huge humanitarian impact on the population. | The blockade pushed Cuba to seek stronger support from partners. But U.S. pressure isolated the isle. | Partners show little support | Some states showed support to Cuba in the current situation. But only a few are actually helping. Russia and China remain cautious in their support. The UN said the U.S. order stood against international law. But without further measures. Chile said it would help with funds. Mexico has been the most active. Unable to send oil, the state sent tons of staple food and products. Indeed, Mexico and others, were prevented from sending oil by Trump. Any country supplying oil to Cuba would face sanctions and tariffs by the U.S. | Decoding geopolitics isn't a job. It's survival. | Joy | | | |
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