The promise of bigger and quicker percentage gains compared to vanilla stock trading makes options very intriguing. But for people who are starting out, it can be a daunting task to choose the right strategy that fits them. The strategies range from simple to complex. Whatever strategy you choose, it will come with its own pros and cons. The key is to understand what they are. Today, let's take a look at the simplest example. The simplest strategy is to just buy a call or a put. If you think a stock will go up, buy a call. If you think it will fall, buy a put. But pay careful attention to your timing. It's where things can go terribly wrong for you. Timing Is Important If you are right about the stock, and the stock makes a big move in your favor, your option position will likely give you a nice profit. The problem with this un-hedged strategy is that if the stock goes in the opposite direction, you could lose a big chunk, or even all, of your investment. Worse yet, since options have an expiration date, time works against you. Therefore, even if you are right about the stock direction within the time frame of the option, if the stock doesn't move fast enough, you could still lose money. Let's use an example. Let's say on July 31 you bought a January $22.50 in-the-money call on Halliburton (NYSE: HAL) because you think the stock is cheap and it will rise. HAL ended July at exactly $23 a share. You paid $2.37. HAL ended last Friday (December 13) at $23.99, so technically you were correct that the share price would improve. But the January 17, 2020 $22.50 call closed trading Friday at $1.94. You are down 18% even though the underlying stock rose more than 4%. What gives? Time Decay Hurts the Option Buyer Time decay is a big reason. Let's see why. To keep things simple, we will only consider the two primary factors of the option's price: intrinsic value and time value. When you bought the call, its intrinsic value was $0.50. This is because if you exercised the option, theoretically you could buy at $22.50 and sell at $23. This implies that the time value at that moment was $1.87 ($2.37 - $0.50). |
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