Why FFO? Because of the nature of the real estate business, looking at a REIT's GAAP net income is not a way to see much cash they generate. Since investors typically choose REITs for their generous dividend, it's important to get a clearer picture of how much cash flow they generate from their assets. Consequently, REITs report FFO because they feel that it provides a more transparent view of their operational performance and cash flow. The basic formula is: FFO = Net Income - Interest Income + Depreciation + Amortization - Net Gains on Sales of Property REITs can differ slightly from one another in how they calculate FFO. If you want to know how any REIT adjusts its net income to get FFO, look at that REIT's 10-K. But no matter the minor differences in calculation, the goal is the same: to net out items that impact the GAAP net income but don't affect the cash position. For example, depreciation is a big deal since REITs typically own many properties. Even though the market value of real estate tends to rise in real life, a REIT has to mark down the carrying value of its properties over time. This reduces earnings, but it has no impact on cash flow because the REIT doesn't actually have to pay out cash. Accordingly, depreciation expense must be added back to the net income to arrive at the FFO. In fact, a REIT may have low or negative earnings, but as long as its FFO is strong, there's no need to worry about a dividend cut. FFO Should Cover the Dividend The bottom line is, to analyze a REIT's ability to sustain or increase its dividend, check out its FFO trends and how well the FFO covers the dividend. If a REIT's FFO is consistently growing and it's generating enough FFO to comfortably cover the dividend, then its dividend is safe and chances are good for continued increases. REITs as a group currently offer an average yield of about 4%. That's pretty good, but did you know that my colleague Jim Fink runs a trading service dedicated to generating even better income? Jim has devised an investment system that hands out a regular weekly payment to his followers, sort of like a "paycheck" that they can count on, week in and week out. In fact, you can earn a $1,692.50 "paycheck" on Thursday, July 11. We've just released Jim's new presentation. It explains how investors just like you can use one simple technique to earn steady income payments of $1,150, and $1,500, and even $2,800… every single week. Want to sign up for your paycheck? Click here now. |
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