Trading options can be risky, but they can also be used to manage risk while also boosting returns. I use options to buy stocks at a discount and to earn a small premium when selling them. Over the course of my next two articles, I will review this approach, using real-life examples from my own portfolio. Options Case Study: Apple An investor can buy or sell call options or put options. A call option represents the right to purchase shares of an asset at a particular price within a specific time period. For example, Apple (NSDQ: AAPL) shares closed last Friday at $174.97. If I believe Apple shares will soar, I could buy one call option that would allow me to purchase 100 shares of Apple in the future. For example, I could currently pay $6.35 per share for the option of purchasing 100 shares of Apple at $180 a share on or before June 21, 2019 (110 days from now). That option would cost a total of $635 for 100 shares, and could be exercised by me at any time until the stock market close on June 21. To win this trade, Apple shares need to trade above $186.35 prior to expiration (to recoup the purchase price and the premium I paid). If shares never trade above $180 prior to expiration, I will lose the premium I paid. For instance, if shares are $175 at expiration, I won't execute an option to purchase them for $180. But as long as I exercise at a price above $180, I will get part of my premium back, and if I exercise at or above $186.35, I will buy shares for $180 and also recoup my $6.35 premium. On the other side of the trade is the person selling the option. If I own 100 shares of Apple, and I wish to exit that position at somewhere higher than the current price, I can sell a call option that allows the purchaser the right to acquire those shares at $180. That means I am conceding a maximum price of $180 for my shares, but I am getting $6.35 per share for that concession. So, if someone exercises that option and buys my shares for $180, I actually get a total of $186.35, which is 6.5% above the most recent closing price. For comparison, if I simply put in a limit order to sell my shares for $180, then I only earn 2.9% above the most recent closing price. Use of the call option by the seller (a covered call) allows the seller to boost their returns when selling the asset. The downside is that if shares go much higher, they forego those gains for the certainty of the premium. |
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